Scheme and study of a model predictive controller for statcom to solve the stability issues of a single machine infinite bus

This paper preface the model of linearized Single-machine infinite-bus power systems with (STATCOM) stating the usage of the model in inspecting the damping effect of the STATCOM and planning a STATCOM controller toward improving the stability of power system alternation. The power arrangements are deliberated in single-machine infinite-bus. To elucidate the speculative setting up of Model Predictive Control (MPC) and its practice in power system an attempt has been arranged to increase MPC controller intended at Single machine Infinite bus system (SMIB) together with FACTS devices. Explaining the effect of the constraints and tuning the weight. The recommended process is held with MATLAB simulation outcomes

Enhacement of microgrid technologies using various algorithms

The electric power systems around the globe are gradually shifting from conventional fossil fuel-based generating units to green renewable energy sources. The motivation behind this change is the environmental and economic concerns. Furthermore, the existing power systems are being overloaded day by day due to the continuously increasing population, which consequently led to the overloading of transformers, transmission, and distribution lines. Despite the overwhelming advantages of renewable energy sources, there are few major issues associated with them. For example, the injection and detachment of DGs into the current power system causes disparity among produced power along with connected load, thus distracting system’s equilibrium and causes unwanted voltage and frequency oscillations and overshoots. These oscillations and overshoots may cause the failure of connected equipment or power system if not properly controlled. The investigation as such challenges to improve the frequency and voltage, the islanded’s power regulation and connected MG under source and load changes, which contain classic and artificial intelligence techniques. Moreover, these techniques are used also for economic analysis. To evaluate the exhibitions of microgrid (MG) operations and sizing economic analysis acts as a significant tool. Optimization method is obligatory for sizing and operating an MG as reasonably as feasible. Diverse optimization advances remain pertained to microgrid to get optimal power flow and management

Allocation of distributed generation and battery switching stations for electric vehicle using whale optimiser algorithm

With the increasing demand for electrical vehicles (EVs) in the existing distribution system due to road traffic sustainability, fuel costs reduction, and environmental improvement by the promotion of low carbons in transportation, system planners need to minimise energy losses and improve voltage profile of the grid. Few studies resolved these issues via optimum placement of distributed generation (DG) and battery switching station (BSS) units in distribution system; however, these techniques considered only active power loss minimisation with various methodological limitations. Therefore, a new application of whale optimiser algorithm (WOA) is proposed to solve these limitations. The simultaneous placement based approach of the units has been adopted to minimise active and reactive energy losses of 33- and 69-bus distribution systems. System performance has been analyzed based on multiple technical criteria, such as system loading factor, voltage profile improvement, and active and reactive power loss reduction indices. The results of WOA have been proven to be superior to those of artificial bee colony and gravitational search algorithms. Therefore, the proposed methodology can guide energy planners in determining optimal allocation of multiple DG and BSS units in their systems,; in addition to the expected energy loss reduction within the system, BSS, and DG planning and operational constraints

Optimal tuning of proportional integral controller for fixed-speed wind turbine using grey wolf optimizer

The need for tuning the PI controller is to improve its performance metrics such as rise time, settling time and overshoot. This paper proposed the Grey Wolf Optimizer (GWO) tuning method of a Proportional Integral (PI) controller for fixed speed Wind Turbine. The objective is to overcome the limitations in using the PSO and GA tuning methods for tuning the PI controller, such as quick convergence occurring too soon into a local optimum, and the controller step input response. The GWO, the Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO), and the Genetic Algorithm (GA) tuning methods were implemented in the Matlab 2016b to search the optimal gains of the Proportional and Integral controller through minimization of the objective function. A comparison was made between the results obtained from the GWO tuning method against PSO and GA tuning techniques. The GWO computed the smallest value of the objective function minimized. It exhibited faster convergence and better time response specification compared to other methods. These and more performance indicators show the superiority of the GWO tuning method

A synopsis on the effects of anthropogenic greenhouse gases emissions from power generation and energy consumption

Despite the looming difficult energy context in the majority of countries in the world, global change in environmental dignity resulting from power generation and energy consumption scenario is rapidly becoming a globally disturbing phenomenon. Stakeholders and environmental activists alike have been clamouring for adoption of reduction procedures using sustainable means because ignominious environmental practices have associated disastrous consequences. Increasing essential strategies are needed to fortify the pursuit for the reduction in the emissions from power generation and energy consumption. Therefore, this article presents an overview of the effects of anthropogenic energy generation and consumption practices capable of ejecting emissions of greenhouse gases into the atmosphere. It also endeavors to identify some greenhouse gas emission reduction and control measures

Minimizing reverse current flow due to distributed generation via optimal network reconfiguration

Distributed generation (DG) is widely used to minimize total power losses in distribution networks. However, one of the problems of DG in a grid system is reverse current flow (RCF), which is when the DG output becomes greater than the connected load. Therefore, this paper proposes a multiobjective artificial bee colony (MOABC) algorithm to determine the optimal network reconfiguration for reducing total RCF in DG. The proposed algorithm is tested on 33-bus radial distribution systems in two different scenarios, i.e. base case and with 50% load. The proposed technique can reduce reverse current by up to 93%; however, the total power loss in the system will increase by 7%. Therefore, a suitable weight value is needed in MOABC for balancing the effect of RCF and the power loss value

Application of FACTS devices for damping out power systems oscillations using model techniques

Variable impedance devices using power electronic technology, such as Static VAR Compensators (SVCs) Thyristor-Controlled Series Capacitors (TCSC) and Unified Power Flow Controller (UPFC) have the potential to increase power control and system damping [1, 2]. The allocation of these devices to get the most effective stabilisation of system modes is a complex problem that requires consideration of many factors. Major design considerations include the identification of busbars and branches in which to locate the system controllers and the choice of suitable feedback signals to be used as input to a stabilising control function [3-6]. Several analytical criteria for placement of damping controllers have been proposed in the literature. Specifically, modal analysis techniques based on the calculation of participation factors, transfer function residues and controllability and observability indices have been used to identify optimal locations for SVCs, TCSC, UPFC and power system stabilisers [2, 7-11]. The computation of controllability and observability measures is of particular interest as it provides valuable information about system dynamic characteristics and the ability of system controllers to enhance damping. This work presents an efficient analysis and design method to place variable impedance devices for enhancement of small signal stability in complex power systems. Controllability is first explored to allocate damping controllers in those busbars and system branches in which they are more effective to enhance damping of a given subset of critical oscillation modes. Observability indices are, in turn, taken to assess supplementary signals that are to be used in a given controller and which are required to “show” the oscillation mode. In this approach, the computation of controllability and observability is based on a measure of the distance of a state representation from the nearest uncontrollable system [12, 13]. This method is numerically stable and can be used to assess the numerical rank and other properties of state models. The study of inter-area oscillations and placement of controllers is done using modal analysis of a linearised model of the power system that includes a detailed representation of variable impedance controllers. The devices presently considered in this research include SVC, TCSC and UPFC. A reduced order equivalent of the interconnected New England test system (NETS) and New York power system (NYPS) is used to illustrate the proposed algorithms

Distribution network fault section estimation using analytical database approach

A fault in a power system may cause interruption of supply. The fault needs to he detected, located and cleared as soon as possible. In a distribution network, it is difficult to determine where the fault occurs. This is because there is lack of information on the distribution network status except a trip feeder. Therefore. in order to improve the customer minute loss, the fault section should be estimated so that the faulty section can be isolated and the rest of the sections in the feeder can be quickly restored. This thesis describes the development or a new fault section estimation algorithm in a distribution network. This is the main part of the research which investigates how the voltage sag can be used to estimate the fault section 111 the distribution network. The method IS based on an analytical database approach which uses a power flow and fault analysis program to establish analytical voltage sag databases for a typical studied distribution network topology. The databases contain voltage sag magnitude and phase shin information for all nodes on the distribution network under different fault types and load conditions. When a fault occurs, the method only needs to measure the fault generated voltage sag waveform at the network primary substation. This measured waveform is then compared to the analytical databases. Database search and comparison algorithms were developed to identify the faulty section fix the network. The proposed method was evaluated and tested on a typical distribution network by using voltage waveforms produced by PSCAD/EMTDC. n power system simulator. Prior to the fault section estimation process, the fault type has first to be classified. This is because different types of fault may cause different values of voltage sag, which leads lo having different databases for different types of fault. In this research. wavelet technique was adopted. The voltage signal was transformed to wavelets coefficients using the wavelet transform. Then the standard deviation of these coefficients was calculated. and an algorithm was developed to classify the fault type. using these standard deviation values. III In addition to the fault section estimation and fault type classification. this study also investigates how to transfer voltage waveforms efficiently from the substation to the central site. This is because a substation is usually situated far from the central site, and the waveform needs to be transferred to the central site so that the fault type classification and fault section estimation process can be done. The method proposed in this thesis is by data compression and reconstruction using wavelet transform

Renewable power generation opportunity from municipal solid waste: a case study of Lagos Metropolis (Nigeria)

Renewable power generation is increasingly becoming a well-known phenomenon in our modern society. Various research efforts have been rationalized to prove the benefits that could be derived from the utilization of renewable energy resources for electricity. Though, environmental benefits have been the major focal advantage but in the case of municipal solid waste (MSW), socio-economic impact on the society is possible in the form of saving in land allocation for waste management and income generation. Therefore, this study discusses the concept of waste-to-energy (WTE) management in Lagos metropolis as a case study. Lagos state has 20 administrative Local Government Areas with 16 of them forming the Lagos metropolis. The study also significantly accesssed the potential of MSW for power generation considering the route of thermo-chemical conversion as an alternative measure to landfilling and open dumping of waste commonly practice in the metropolis. It was found that approximately 442MWe is possible to be achieved using a population benchmark of over 16 million recorded in the metropolis in 2006.Three major techniques for energy generation from MSW are also discussed.Finally the study was concluded on possible investment issues to enhance the resources utilization for energy purpose

Potential capability of corn cob residue for small power generation in rural Nigeria

The ongoing global decarbonization strategies has paved ways for mixed power generation options involving both conventional and non-conventional sources of energy which is aiming at the simultaneous interest of lowering the price per unit of energy produced and sustaining healthy environmental requirements. However, future energy supply structures is expected to be dominated by renewable energy systems distributed generation while the reserves of fossil-based energy resources continue to decline on daily basis. Possible conversion technologies for electrical power generation utilizing the corn cob bio-residue were outlined in this framework. The article also seeks to investigate the potential opportunity of small power generation from biomass corn cob residue in Nigeria. A mathematically modified method was employed for evaluating the potential of the residue for power generation. Data from the United Nations Food and Agricultural Organization (FAO) statistics was used for the analysis and concentrated body of literature back-up was also exploited for the analysis. The observation of data was carried-out from 1996 to 2010, though, the general result signifies a fluctuating potential. Summarily, the outcome of the study indicated that close to 3000MW electrical power is possible with availability of 70% of the residue in 2010. The study was concluded with brief description on prospect for implementation strategies of rural bioelectricity project